In developed and developing countries alike, gender gaps persist in education, health, work, wages and political participation. Goldman Sachs Research finds that shrinking working age populations mean that it is now more important than ever to utilize the full resources women have to offer (and to reward them fully). Goldman Sachs Research analysts estimate that even just halving the pay and employment gap between men and women could raise the level of GDP across DM and EM by between 5% and 6%.