Goldman Sachs Research raises their data center power demand outlook and now expects 220% growth by 2030 vs. 2023 levels (vs +175% previously). This report explores how rising hyperscaler reinvestment impacts six key factors—Pervasiveness of AI, Productivity of servers and compute, Prices of electricity needed to expand supply, Policy initiatives, Parts availability, and People availability—that will shape opportunities and challenges for energy infrastructure and investment.